January Freight Volumes Swing Higher While Rates Slide

January marked by dramatic highs, lows in truckload freight activity

Spot market truckload rates got off to a hot start in January but quickly chilled once a seasonal lull took hold in the middle of the month. Prices for dry van and refrigerated (“reefer”) shipments fell compared to December 2019 but volumes actually increased, according to the DAT Truckload Volume Index. Flatbed freight volumes and the national average flatbed rate were both up slightly in January compared to December.

Pent-up demand after the busy holiday season kept truckload prices high in the first half of January. As more capacity became available in the second half, the competition for freight drove rates down quickly.

“A lot of carriers struggle during the winter months but better days are coming soon,” said Ken Adamo, Chief of Analytics at DAT Solutions. “Our analysis predicts that dry van spot rates will rise as much as 3 to 5 percent by the end of Q1, and 6 to 10 percent by the end of Q2, although the trajectory may not be constant.”

While the drastic mid-month swing was unusual, the overall trend for the month was not. Higher truckload freight volumes are common for January and so are lower rates.

Spot rates have declined in January for all but one of the past 10 years.

Ready to rebound?

Compared to December, the national average dry van rate dropped 7 cents per mile in January to $1.70 including the fuel surcharge. The rate was 25 cents lower compared to January 2019, when the pricing environment was exceptionally strong. The national average reefer rate lost 6 cents month over month at $2.24 per mile, while the flatbed rate gained a penny to $2.17 per mile. Compared to January 2019, the average reefer rate was down 6 cents and the flatbed rate declined 17 cents.

Van volume gained 6 percent month over month, reefer load counts increased 4 percent, and flatbed volume surged 17 percent, rebounding from a slow December. Compared to January 2019, van volume gained 10 percent, reefers added 9 percent, and flatbed volume edged up 1 percent.

“It’s been a long time since we’ve seen positive year-over-year comparisons for truckload rates,” explained Adamo. “Our rate forecasting models show that this will change in the spring, and we will start seeing year-over-year increases for the first time since September 2018.”

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